Tips Mengerjakan Soal Bentuk Kalimat Langsung dan Kalimat Tak langsung dalam Bahasa Inggris

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Dalam sebuah kalimat, untuk merubah bentuk kalimat langsung menjadi tak langsung, maka hal pertama yang kita lakukan adalah mengenali jenis  kalimat yang dalam hal ini dapat berupa;

1. Pernyataan (Statement)
2. Perintah ( Imperative/ request)
3. Pertanyaan ( Questions)

English Grammar

A. Indirect Speech Statement (pernyataan)
Contoh :

• Ali says,”I am a student.”
• Ali says that he is  a student.

Kalimat yang tercetak tebal diatas bisa di masukkan menjadi jenis kalimat pernyataan/Statement. Untuk kalimat pernyataan/ statement, maka bisa menambahkan kata “that”. Pada kalimat pernyataan, pernyataan langsung ( Direct speech)  yang akan diubah menjadi kalimat tak langsung ( Indirect speech) tidak akan mengalami perubahan tenses jika induk kalimatnya memakai bentuk:

1. Present Tense
2. Present perfect Tense
3. Future tense.

Hal itu bisa dilihat dari bentuk introductory verb -nya yaitu kata “say”. Kata tersebut menunjukkan bentuk present tense sehingga tidak akan ada perubahan tenses. 

• She said,” They are working.”
• === She said that they were working.

Jika induk kalimat langsung ( Direct speech) dalam bentuk past tense, maka kalimat tak langsung  ( Indirect Speech) akan mengalami perubahan tenses.

• Rindu said,” He will study hard tomorrow.”
• === Rindu said that he would study hard the following day.
• He told me,” I have written a letter.”
• === He told me that he had written a letter.
• He told me,” I would go there if I were you.”
• === He told me that he would have gone there if he had been me

B. Indirect Speech Imperative/ Request ( perintah/ permohonan)
Ada beberapa ketentuan untuk mengungkapkan suatu perintah atau permohonan dalam kalimat tak langsung.

1. Menggunakan kata kerja bentuk I ( to infinitive)
2. Tambahan kata please  untuk perintah atau permintaan yang lebih sopan.
3. Menggunakan not + to infinitive untuk larangan
4. Biasanya menggunakan introductory verb seperti told, ordered, asked, atau commanded

Contoh:

• He asked me,” Open the window!”
• === He asked me to open the window.
• He told me,” write quickly.”
• === He told me to write quickly.
• She asked me,” bring my bag.”
• === She asked me to bring her bag.

C. Indirect Speech Questions ( Pertanyaan)

a. Pertanyaan diawali dengan menggunakan kata tanya : who, what, when, where, etc.

1. Kata tanya tetap dipakai dalam pertanyaan tak langsung
2. Susunan kalimat dengan menggunakan kalimat pernyataan, bukan kalimat pertanyaan.
3. Perubahan tenses tergantung dari bentuk introductory verbs nya.

Contoh:

• Rendra said to Ani,” where are you going?”
• === Rendra said to Ani where she was going.
• Maria asked me,” where is your bike?”
• === Maria asked me where my bike was.
• He wanted to know,” How did you do this?”
• === He wanted to know how I had done that.

b. Pertanyaan tanpa menggunakan kata tanya

1. Penggunaan if atau whether dalam pernyataan tak langsung.
2. Susunan pertanyaan menggunakan susunan kalimat pernyataan ( statement)

Contoh:

• John asked me,” can you help me?”
• === John asked me if ( whether) I could help him.
• She asked me,” Do you have an idea?”
• === She asked me if( whether)  I had an idea.
• He asked me, “ are you very busy?”
• === He asked me if ( whether)  was very busy.

D. Exclamation and Yes and No Answer

a. Exclamation ( seruan, heran, kagum) harus menjadi suatu pernyataan dalam indirect speech.
Contoh: 

• He said,” what a beautiful hair she has!”
• === He said that she had a beautiful hair.
• She said,” how wonderful you are!”
• === She said that you were wonderful.
• She said,” what a dreadful thing!”
• === She said that it was a dreadful thing.

Namun ada beberapa pengecualian.

• He said, “ thank you.”
• He thanked me.
• He said,” congratulations!”
• He congratulated me.

Yes and No dinyatakan dalam indirect speech dengan :

Subject + auxiliary verb ( modal)

Contoh:

• He said,” Can you swim?”
• === He asked me if  I could swim and I said that I couldn’t.
• He said,” will you have time to do it?” and I said ,”Yes.”
• === He said if I would have time to do it and I said that I would.

E. Offers ( menawarkan)
Contoh :

• “Shall I bring you some tea?”
• === He offered me to bring some tea.
• “Would you like to accompany me to go to the cinema?”
• === She offered me to accompany her to go to the cinema.

F. Let’s
Let’s biasanya menyatakan suatu ajakan dan kemudian menjadi suatu saran dalam indirect speech.
Contoh:

• He said,” let’s leave the case at the station.”
• === He suggested leaving the case at the station.
• He suggested that they/ we should leave the case at the station.
• === He said,” let’s stop now and finish it later.”
• He suggested stopping then and finish it later.
• === He suggested that they/ we should stop then and finish it later.

Selamat belajar dan semoga bermanfaat.

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